London: University of Western Ontario: EDT.
−14 LUFS: Spotify, YouTube and other streaming platforms.−24 LUFS: ATSC A/85 (US TV), NPRSS, and PRX radio broadcast.Standard loudness normalization reference level varies by location and application. In this situation, signal-to-noise ratio and relative dynamics are altered.
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Software offering such normalization typically provides the option of using dynamic range compression to prevent clipping when this happens. ĭepending on the dynamic range of the content and the target level, loudness normalization can result in peaks that exceed the recording medium's limits. Before loudness normalization, one song in a playlist might be quieter than the rest, so the end listener would have to turn a volume knob up to adjust the playback volume. Loudness normalization was created to combat varying loudness when listening to multiple songs in a sequence. įor example, YouTube's reference level is −14 LUFS, so if a program is analyzed to be −10 LUFS, YouTube will lower the level by 4 dB to bring it to the reference of −14 LUFS. This average can be a simple measurement of average power, such as the RMS value, or it can be a measure of human-perceived loudness, such as that offered by ReplayGain, Sound Check and EBU R128. Loudness normalization Īnother type of normalization is based on a measure of loudness, wherein the gain is changed to bring the average amplitude to a target level. This feature of digital-recording systems, compression and limiting followed by peak normalization, enables contemporary trends in program loudness. When combined with compression/limiting, however, peak normalization becomes a feature that can provide a loudness advantage over non–peak-normalized material.
As such, peak normalization is generally used to change the volume in such a way to ensure optimal use of available dynamic range during the mastering stage of a digital recording. Since it searches only for the highest level, peak normalization alone does not account for the apparent loudness of the content.
One type of normalization is peak normalization, wherein the gain is changed to bring the highest PCM sample value or analog signal peak to a given level – usually 0 dBFS, the loudest level allowed in a digital system.
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